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3 Sheets-Sheet 1. A. PESOA. PROCESS 0]? AND MEANS FOR MANUFACTURING SUGAR BARS AND PLATES.

No 334,855. Patented Jan. 26, 1886 N. IITEHSV PnalwLnhogI-Jphur, washin lun. D. c.

(No Model.) 3 SheetsSheet 2.

A. FESGA. PROCESS OF AND MEANS FOR MANUFACTURING SUGAR BARS AND PLATES" No. 334,855. Patented Jan. 26, 1886.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

A: FESOA. PROCESS OF AND MEANS FOR MANUFACTURING SUGAR BARS AND PLATES No. 334,855. Patented Jan. 26, 1886.

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ALBERT FESUA, OF

BERLIN, GERMANY.

PROCESS OF AND MEANS FOR MANUFACTURING SUGAR BARS AND PLATES.

i-JBECIPICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 334,855, dated January 26, 1886.

Application filed September 22, 1884. Serial No. 143,718. (No

model.) Patented in France September 16, 1884, No. 164,318; in

England September 16, 1884, No. 12,469; in Germany September 17, 1884,'No. 30,925, and in Austria-Hungary November 14,

1884, No. 34,797 and NO. 51,880.

T 0 all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ALBERT FESOA, a subject of the King of Prussia, residing at 35 Chausse Strasse, Berlin, North Prussia, German Empire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Process of and Means for Manufacturing Sugar Bars and Plates; and Ido hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This application relates to a process of and means for netting sugar from which cut loaf is or may be obtained.

It has been the practice heretofore in netting sugar in the manufacture of out loaf or sugar prisms or cubes to fill the granular magma of sugar-crystals or massecuite into framelike forms, subdivided into cells or chambers by metal sheets. The forms so filled were then placed into a centrifugal machine and netted by forcing a liquoring solution by centrifugal action upon, into, and through the sugar layers, and when netted the layers or plates were dried and out up into cubes. Attempts have also been made to dispense with the frame-like forms in the process of netting by stacking the solidified sugar plates or bars, isolated from one another by metal sheets, in the centrifugal machine. By either of these methods it is, however, not possible to obtain a uniformlyVnet product for the reason that the liquoring or expulsion of the sirup from the masses cannot take place uniformly, owing to the interposition of the metal sheets between the layers of sugar or the sugar bars or plates, which metallic partitions are necessary, to prevent the layers, plates, or bars from sticking together, which is not the case in the treatment of loaf sugar where the continuity of the mass is not interrupted by the interposition of a foreign body.

The object of this invention is to provide means whereby a uniformly net product is obtained and whereby the process of liquoring is facilitated and it consists, essentially,

in a process of preliminary liquoring, which I term liquoring at rest that is to say, the preliminary liquoring being effected while the material liquored is at rest-and afterward subjecting the material to afinal liquoring in the centrifugal machine.

The invention further consists in the meth- 0d of and means for netting sugar in the manufacture of out loaf, substantially as hereinafter fully described.

In carrying out my invention I fill suitable forms, preferably such as hereinafter described, With the magma of sugar'cryst-als, and allow the same to solidify. I then pour over the sugar masses a liquoring solution or magma prepared from crumb sugar and water or raw sugar and water or other suitably-concentrated sugar solution, which I denominate as kasch, in order to distinguish the same from the liquoring solution employed in the second or final process of melting in the centrifugal, and to avoid confusion in the description. The term kasch is aGerman technical term, employed in the branch of the art to which my invention relates, and comprehends saccharine solutions of the nature of those above referred to.

The preliminary process of liquoring I denominate as liquoring at rest. This process of liquoring at rest has a two-fold object. The material treated, which has already been treated in the centrifugal machine as usual, and freed from the greater part of its sirupy constituents, is slowly and gradually liquored, as it readily absorbs the more fluid portions of the kasch or liquoring solution, which latter, deprived of such fluid portions, solidifies into a spongy or highly-porous covering, that forms the medium through which the liquoring solution is conveyed to the material to be netted in the final process of liquoring in the centrifugal machine. Owing to the highlyporous nature of this sugary medium or vehicle it is peculiarly adapted for the rapid absorption of comparatively great quantities of liquoring solution and then give it up gradually and distribute the same uniformly over and through the material to be netted.

To remove the prisms or plates obtained by the described process from the forms Without breakage, and to facilitate this operation, I preferably employ compound forms or forms composed of detachable parts united together by bolts and nuts, or otherwise, so that said forms may be readily dismembered.

The construction of these forms, as well as their arrangement in the centrifugal machine, is clearly shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figures 1 and 2 are vertical and horizontal transverse sections, respectively, of the centrifugal machine. plan views of the upper and lower plates and one ofthe intermediate plates, respectively, of a form for manufacturing sugar prisms. Figs. 4, 6, and 8 are sections on lines o v, w w, and to roof Figs. 3, 5, and 7, respectively. Fig. 9 shows the form in elevation, and Fig. 10isa section thereof, on line y 3 ofFig. 9. Figs. 11,13, and 15 are plan views of the upper and lower plates and of one of the intermediate plates, respectively, of a form for manufacturing sugar in plates or bars. Figs. 12, 14, and 16 are sections on lines o 1) w w w x of Figs. 11, 13, and 15, respectively. Fig. 17 is an elevation of the form, and Fig. 18 a section thereof, on line y y of Fig. 16.

Like letters indicate like parts wherever such may occur in the above figures of drawings.

As shown in Figs. 3to 8, the forms for manufacturing sugar prisms or prismatic ba rs,from which cubes may be out, are composed of a series of plates, A, consisting of side bars, a, provided with perforated lugs or cars a for the passage of the rods B, and an intermediate zigzag body, a so that when said platesare arranged one on top of the other or one by the side of the other they will form prismshaped cells 0, as shown in Fig. 9. The side bars, a, project some distance beyond the zigzag body a of the plate, for a purpose presently explained.

. The top plate, A, and the bottom plate, A are constructed precisely like the intermediate plates, A, except in the following particulars: The outer face of the body a of said plates is a plane surface that extends to the end of the side bars, a, while the inner face of said body a" is of zigzag form and correspondsin extent with the like body of the intermediate plates,

A. The top plate, A, is or may be provided with a handle, a to facilitate the handling of the forms. When the plates'are assembled in form by means of the bolts or tie-rods B and the nuts I), there will be formed at one end of the body a of the plates a space or chamber, 0, that extends from end to end and from side to side of the form, Figs. 10 and 18. The end walls of this space 0 are formed by the plane extended portion a of the body 66 0f the end plates, and the side walls of said space or chamber 0 are formed by the extended portion a of the side bars, a, of'the intermediate plates, A. This space or chamber is in- Figs. 3, 5, and 7 are topproved process is substantially as follows: The

form is first prepared by passing the tie-rods through the ears or lugs of the bottom plate, A and then slipping the intermediate plate, A, on the rods, and finally the top plate, A, so as to form between them and the top and bottom plates square or polygonal cells or chambers O, (according as the product is to be bars, prisms, or plates,) for the reception of the sugarcrystal magma or sugary magma to be netted. The plates are now secured to-' gether by screwing on the nuts I) and tightening the same, and instead of the nuts 6, keys or other suitable means may be employed for securing the several parts of the form together. After the form is set up it isplaced on or secured to a suitable support, D, with the space or chamber 0 on top, as shown in Figs. 10 and 18, and the cells or chambers 0 thereof are allowed to rest until sufficiently solidified or set for treatment in the centrifugal machine. The forms are then transferred to said machine, and the material to be netted is subjected to centrifugal actionuntil the major part of its sirupy constituents are expelled asusual, and without the aid of a liquoring agent. When this process is completed, the forms are removed and again set upon supports, as above described, and such sugar as may have been distributed into the space 0 by centrifugal action is removed, and said space 0 above the cells C is now filled with kasch or liquoring magma, and the Whole allowed to rest until the kasch has sufficiently solidified for handfilled with material to be netted, which is then IOO ling. When the latter takes place, the underlying material will have absorbed the major portion of the fluid of the kasch, and form a spongy sugar layer or covering for the material in the cells back of it that will absorb the liquoring solution with the greatest avidity, give it up as readily, and distribute the solution uniformly over and through the material to be netted.

To avoid the necessity of a nice finish of the contacting faces of the side bars, c of the plates A A A to form fluid-tight joints, I employ sheet-metal plates E that are laid against the sides and held thereto by means of springclamps F, so as to adapt them for ready removal and prevent the more fluid portion of the kasch to leak through at the joints.

When the kasch is sufficiently set to permit tended to receive the kasch or liquoring l the handlingof theforms without affecting the form of the kasch, the forms are again placed into the centrifugal machine for final liquor ing in such manner that the space or chamber 0 that contains the kasch covering will face inwardly. as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. In these figures I have shown my well-known centrifugal netting-machine for netting loaf-sugar. It consists, essentially, of an outer-perforated drum or cylinder, G, open at top and closed at bottom, an inner imperforate cylinder, H, to which the outer cylinder is connected, and which inner cylinder has a bearing for the driving-shaft I, on the upper end of which it is mounted, and a perforated intermediate cyliir der or cone, K, having a centralaperture, k, at top, inwardly-projecting flanges it at bottom, and vertical radial wings k projectinginwardly nearly in contact with the inner cylinder, H, and dividingits periphery into six (more or less) chambers, K. The perforations 7c of the intermediate cylinder are so arranged that they will coincide with the cells or chambers G of the forms when arranged in the cylindrical chamber G, formed by the drum G and intermediate cylinder or cone, K, and, as already stated, the forms are placed within the chamber G, so that the space 0 thereof filled with the kasch will face the intermediate cylinder, each form being set in front of one of the chambers K formed by the radial wings is" of cylinder K. The number of these chambers K will necessarily depend upon the number of forms to be placed in the chamber G,

and this may vary. As an illustration,l have shown in Fig. 2 a drum capable of accommodating six of these forms.

In order to illustrate the adaptation of the centrifugal machine to the forms hereinbefore described, I have shown in Figs. 1 and 2 on the left a form for prismatic bars, and on the right a form for plates or flat cakes. In practice, however, one species of form will generally be placed in the machine. In the final liquoring of the mass, the liquoring cleare or solution is fed to the machine through the opening in in the top of the intermediate cylinder, and is by centrifugal action uniformly divided to fill the chambers K, and thence by centrifugal action is forced in the form of a spray through the perforations upon the porous kasch covering. Owing to the spongy or porous nature of the kasch covering the liquoring solution is rapidly absorbed thereby, and the latterv becomes more or less fluid, and owing to centrifugal force exerts a hydrostatic pressure upon the lining-plates 'E. The latter, under the influence of this pressure, are forced against the sides of the form more tightly or snugly than this could be done by the spring-clamps, and thus the leakage at thejoints above referred to is effectually prevented. The liquoring cleare, sprayed upon and absorbed by the spongy kasch, is gradually and uniformly delivered to the material back of it, permeates the same slowly and carries along with it the remaining sirup. The liquoring of the material is thus effected in a most thorough and uniform manner. The described operation of liquoring may be repeated at intervals. and by a judicious regulation of the time allowed to elapse between each operation as well as of the volume of liquoring solution employed at each operation the operator is enabled to regulate the degree of saturation of the kasch, so that the latter will not become too fluid, and will only take up the volume of solution required for liquoring the material at the back of it. By this means the tendency to leakage at the joints of the plates of which the forms are composed is also reduced to a minimum. It will be observed that the kasch serves here as an intermediate medium or vehicle that acts as a sponge to take up the liquoring solution fed thereto and afterward give it up gradually and slowly to the material to be netted, and offers the advantage of a gradual and slow liquoring that, owing to the nature of the process, produces far better results than can be obtained by the old method, where the liquoring solution penetrates the mass suddenly and by impact. At the conclusion of the process the centrifugal action is increased, whereby a great portion of the moisture in the sugar is eliminated, and the forms are then dismembered by removing the nuts from the tie-rods, and the plates from the latter, the net material removed, and the kasch cut out, after which the net material is dried and cut up as usual.

The peculiar construction of the forms and the plates of which it is composed, as above described, greatly facilitates the removal of the net sugar therefrom without breakage.

Although the forms described are more ad vantageous than those heretofore used it is obvious that the usual forms may be employed in carrying out my process by so constructing the walls thereof as to form a space or chamber, 0, above the cells formed by the interposition of metal sheets between the layers of sugar.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim,aud desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s-

1.. The herein-described process of netting sugar, which consists in liquoring the sugar to be netted while at rest before liquoring the same in the centrifugal machine, for the purposes set forth. 1

2. The herein-described process of netting sugar, which consists in liquoring the material to be netted while at rest and forming thereon a spongy or porous sugar covering before liquoring the same in the centrifugal machine, for the purposes specified.

3. The herein-described process of netting sugar, which consists in liquoring the material to be netted while at rest, forming thereon a spongy or porous sugary covering, and completing the operation of netting by liquoring the material by centrifugal force, for the purposes stated.

4. The herein-described form for manufac- IIO IIS

' purposes specified.

curing prism or plate sugar, consisting of a series of cells and a space or chamber, 0, above the same, for the purposes specified.

5. The herein-described form for manufacturing prism or plate sugar, composed of a series of plates of such form as to produce, when united, cells of the described form, and a space, 0, at one end of said cells, for the 6. The combination, substantially as herein described, of the plates A A A and the tierods B, said plates being constructed as set forth.

7. The combination, substantially as herein In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

' ALBERT FESOA.

Witnesses:

A. DEMELIUS, B. ROI. 

